In a small bowl, whisk together mayonnaise, Thai sweet chili sauce, and chili garlic sauce. Set aside.
In a medium bowl, whisk the egg and buttermilk until combined.
In another bowl, mix flour, panko breadcrumbs, salt, black pepper, onion powder, garlic powder, and paprika.
Dip each shrimp first in the flour mixture, then in the egg mixture, and again in the flour mixture. Repeat for all shrimp.
Place coated shrimp on a plate and refrigerate for 20 to 30 minutes to help breading adhere.
Heat vegetable oil in a deep skillet to 350°F (176°C), about 2 inches deep.
Fry shrimp carefully in hot oil for about 3 minutes total, turning halfway, until golden brown.
Remove fried shrimp with a slotted spoon and drain on paper towels.
Place shrimp in a large bowl, add ¼ cup sauce, and toss to coat evenly.
Serve shrimp immediately with remaining sauce on the side.