Preheat the oven to 425°F (220°C) and line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
In a large bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, salt, and sugar.
Add cold, cubed butter and cut it into the dry ingredients until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs.
Gently fold in the blueberries, taking care not to crush them.
Pour in the buttermilk and vanilla extract, mixing gently until just combined; the dough will be shaggy.
Turn dough onto a floured surface and pat into a 1-inch thick rectangle.
Cut out biscuits using a biscuit cutter or knife.
Place biscuits on the prepared baking sheet and bake for 15 to 18 minutes, until golden brown.
Allow to cool slightly, then serve warm with butter, honey, or powdered sugar.